Building a Small Multi-Unit in Nova Scotia | Step-by-Step Guide

The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Small
Multi-Unit in Nova Scotia

Writer: Erica Published: February 19, 2025 Updated: February 20, 2025 Reading time: 8 minutes

Hi, I'm Erica, a research analyst here at Helio Urban Development—welcome to our ultimate guide on building small multi-unit properties in Nova Scotia! Whether you're envisioning a duplex in Dartmouth, a cozy triplex in Bedford, or a 6–8 unit building in the heart of Halifax (HRM), this step-by-step roadmap will help you navigate from lot purchase all the way to handing over the keys.

We'll touch on everything from financing to site prep, the actual construction milestones, and final options for renting or selling. Ready to dive in? Let's get started!

Introduction: Why Build a Multi-Unit in Nova Scotia?

Nova Scotia's real estate scene is buzzing, especially for small multi-unit developments like duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes:

  • Low Vacancy & High Demand: Halifax has seen rental vacancy rates drop to around 1% in recent years, with the average two-bedroom rent reaching approximately $1,538/month in 2023.
  • Population Growth: A growing population—especially in HRM—keeps housing demand strong.
  • Booming Construction: Housing starts are up 37% from 2022 to 2023, with multi-unit projects leading the pack.

Why build new instead of buying existing? A new build lets you tailor the design for high energy efficiency, modern amenities, and maximum rental income from Day One. Plus, by developing infill or underused lots, you help the broader community by adding much-needed rental housing.

Here at Helio, we've seen this firsthand: our clients love the idea of custom layouts that spread risk across multiple units, offer strong ROI, and stay code-compliant with fewer headaches.

Step 1: Finding and Evaluating Land

Zoning and Permitted Use

Before you plunk down money on any lot, check the zoning. In Halifax (HRM), zoning bylaws can dictate whether you can build two units or four, and what you'll need in terms of setbacks and parking. An R-2 zone often allows up to two units by right, and sometimes more by variance or special agreement. In rural Nova Scotia, be sure to confirm provincial requirements for road frontage and site setbacks.

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Pro Tip: If the parcel isn't zoned appropriately, you may have to go through a rezoning or development agreement process. That can be done, but it adds time and complexity—so ideally target land that already has the right zoning.

Lot Size and Frontage

Each municipality has minimum lot area and frontage requirements for multi-units. A simple duplex might need at least 50 feet of street frontage; a fourplex might require 80 feet or more. If you're looking at a rural property, Nova Scotia's provincial rules often require at least 30 metres (about 100 feet) of frontage for a new building lot. Confirm you can meet these rules, or your permit may get denied.

Location and Market Demand

Where you build matters—especially if your plan involves renting. Nova Scotia's hotspots like Halifax, Bedford, Dartmouth, and surrounding communities often yield the best rents. But smaller centers, like Truro or Wolfville (home to Acadia University), can also offer strong tenant demand. Do a little market research on local rents, vacancy rates, and growth trends—then crunch the numbers for your projected ROI.

Services and Site Conditions

Check for municipal water and sewer. If they're not available, you'll need a well and septic system—adding extra permitting requirements and costs. Also watch out for tricky topography (steep slopes, rocky terrain) that could drive up construction expenses. Having a builder do a quick site assessment is invaluable here.

Land Cost and Value

Land cost per unit is a helpful metric. If your land is too pricey, it can eat into your potential returns. However, a premium lot in a prime location might net you higher rents—so it's all about balance. Consider whether you can make the numbers work, and don't be shy about negotiating or including a purchase condition on permits being approved.

Step 2: Financing and Budgeting

Creating a Detailed Budget

A thorough budget outlines:

  • Land Purchase (if not already owned)
  • Design & Soft Costs (architect fees, surveys, permits)
  • Construction (materials, labor, contingencies)
  • Financing (loan interest, appraisal fees)
  • Misc. Costs (insurance, inspection fees, landscaping)

You might see rough, all-in build costs around $168 per sq. ft. in Nova Scotia for a standard finish. Of course, this can fluctuate based on site conditions and finish levels, but it's a useful ballpark. Always add a contingency of 10–15% to be safe.

Exploring Financing Options

A construction mortgage or development loan releases funds in stages. Each draw corresponds to a phase of construction, and you often pay only the interest until the build is complete. After final inspections, your loan converts to a regular mortgage. Find a lender familiar with multi-units and the Nova Scotia market—some banks have specialized programs or even CMHC-insured loans for new rentals.

Down Payment and Equity

  • 2–4 units: Usually 20% down if you won't be an owner-occupier.
  • 5+ units: Often treated as a commercial loan with 25–35% down.

Loan Pre-Approval

Get pre-approved if possible—lenders will look at your credit, the builder's credentials, and your project's viability (pro forma rents, local demand). Having that green light makes the rest of the process smoother.

Fixed-Price Contracts vs. Cost-Plus

At Helio Urban Development, we offer fixed pricing to help you avoid budget shocks. Under a fixed-price contract, the construction costs are locked in once the scope is defined, which lenders love because it reduces surprises. The alternative (cost-plus) can spike if labor or materials rise, which can throw off your mortgage draws and overall budget.

Step 3: Site Prep and Permitting

Survey and Site Plan

A detailed survey is a must—showing exact boundaries, elevations, and any environmental features. That feeds into your site plan, which lays out the building footprint, parking, landscaping, and drainage. Municipalities require this for the building permit review.

Environmental Checks

If the land was previously used for something industrial or lies near wetlands, you might need extra assessments or approvals. Rural builds often need percolation tests for septic systems. Tackle these early to avoid a painful halt mid-construction.

Development and Building Permits

In Nova Scotia, every new residential project—especially multi-unit—requires a building permit. For multi-unit developments, you may also need a development permit if the zoning or local bylaws require extra scrutiny. You'll submit plans stamped by an architect or engineer (where required), and the city or municipality checks for compliance with:

  • National Building Code (fire separations, structural integrity, etc.)
  • Local Zoning Bylaws (parking, setbacks, landscaping, etc.)

If you needed a rezoning or development agreement, that process might include public hearings and can take months—so always confirm land-use rules before buying.

Site Preparation Work

Once paperwork is underway, you can do minor site prep—clearing brush, demolishing old structures (demolition permit needed), and rough grading. Just don't pour the foundation until the building permit is officially in hand. Also line up temporary utilities (power, water) for construction.

Utility Connections

Plan how you'll connect to municipal water/sewer or, if applicable, locate your well and septic. Check if you need separate hookup approvals. Each municipality may have slightly different processes for hooking into the main lines.

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Helio Note: We handle a lot of the permitting and site coordination for our clients, which is a huge time-saver. We know the local planning offices across Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford, Truro, the South Shore, and more—no guesswork needed on your end!

Step 4: Construction Milestones

1. Groundwork and Foundation

  • Excavate for footings and basement (if included).
  • Form and pour concrete foundation.
  • Waterproof and backfill once the concrete has cured.

Inspections ensure you've built to code (proper frost depth, drainage, etc.). A solid foundation is critical—any missteps here can spell trouble down the road.

2. Framing the Structure

  • Walls and Roof: Carpenters frame floors, walls, and roof trusses.
  • Sheathing and Roofing: Walls and roof get sheathed; roofing material (e.g., shingles) goes on.
  • Windows and Doors: Once installed, your structure is "weather-tight," or at least at lockup stage.

The city will typically do a framing inspection to confirm it matches approved plans.

3. Rough-In of Systems

  • Electrical: Wiring, breaker panels (potentially multiple meters for each unit).
  • Plumbing: Pipes, drains, and venting installed before walls are closed.
  • HVAC: Ductwork or piping for heat and cooling, plus any fire separations.

This is where you ensure fire-rated assemblies are correct. Inspectors will come through for each trade before the next step.

4. Drywall and Interior Finishes

  • Drywall: Hang, tape, and mud.
  • Flooring, Trim, Cabinets: Once walls are complete, move on to flooring, baseboards, and kitchen/bathroom installations.
  • Painting and Fixtures: Paint walls, install light fixtures, faucets, and final touches.

At Helio, we often use streamlined finishing packages that are both durable and appealing, ideal for rental properties or market resale.

5. Final Touches and Inspections

  • Exterior: Landscaping, driveways, decks, or steps.
  • Clean-Up: A thorough cleaning and final "punch list" corrections.
  • Occupancy Permit: A final inspection ensures code compliance (fire safety, structural soundness). Once you have the Occupancy Certificate, you can let tenants move in or list for sale.

Step 5: Property Management or Resale

Renting and Property Management

Holding your new build as a rental can yield steady monthly cash flow. With Nova Scotia's tight vacancy rates, well-located units rent quickly. You can self-manage or hire a professional property manager (common fees are ~8–10% of monthly rent). If you built with Helio, you've likely got a modern, energy-efficient structure that appeals to top-tier tenants—reducing vacancy and maintenance headaches.

Selling (Resale or "Flipping")

Prefer a quick profit? A brand-new duplex or fourplex could fetch a premium on the market. Investors eye turnkey properties with strong rent potential, so if you can demonstrate robust cash flow, you might land a great sale price. Just be mindful of capital gains implications and real estate commissions.

Refinancing as a Middle Path

Once tenants are in place and the property is appraised at a higher value, you might refinance to pull out equity—funding another investment or simply lowering your overall financing costs.

Effective Handover

Whichever path you choose, do a detailed final walk-through with your builder. Note any minor defects (paint touch-ups, trim issues), get them fixed, and collect all warranties and manuals. If you're renting, line up your first tenants. If you're selling, list the property with a realtor who knows how to market small multi-units.

How Helio Urban Development Helps at Each Stage

Land Selection & Feasibility

We at Helio can provide quick site evaluations to confirm zoning, feasibility, and any red flags. We've handled projects in Halifax, Sackville, the South Shore, Annapolis Valley—so we know Nova Scotia's quirks.

Design & Budgeting Phase

We offer a Floorplan Depot of proven duplex/triplex/fourplex designs that speed up the process. Choose a layout and a finish package, and we'll lock in a clear, fixed price so you can secure financing with confidence.

Permitting & Approvals

Permitting can be daunting. We'll prep the building plans, handle the submission, and coordinate with municipal offices until you have your official permits in hand—no nightmares over missing documents!

Construction & Project Management

With us, you're not chasing multiple subs. Our in-house team (general contractor, framers, electricians, etc.) moves quickly. We use time-tested designs to avoid delays and keep costs consistent, delivering your project on or ahead of schedule.

Handover, Aftercare, and Beyond

We'll see the project through occupancy permits, plus handle any small fixes post-build. Need property management referrals or want to discuss future expansions? We're here to support you long after the ribbon is cut.

Final Thoughts & Call to Action

Building a small multi-unit in Nova Scotia—whether a duplex, triplex, or a cozy 6–8 unit apartment—is more than just a construction project. It's an opportunity to secure steady rental income, leverage a hot market, and contribute to Nova Scotia's growing housing supply.

Ready to make it happen? If you have a lot (or you're still looking!) and want to explore building a profitable multiplex, reach out to us at Helio Urban Development. We'll guide you from your initial vision all the way to the final occupancy permit—no guesswork or budgeting nightmares along the way.

"Interested in building a small multi-unit property that fits both your budget and your dreams? Contact Helio—where building in Nova Scotia is made easy, fun, and absolutely worthwhile!"

Start Your Multi-Unit Building Project Today

Let our experts guide you through every step of the process, from lot selection to final handover.

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